A new species from central Amazonia, Chromolucuma brevipedicellata (Sapotaceae, Chrysophylloideae) is described and illustrated. It occurs in terra firme (non-flooded) forests near Manaus, Brazil. We compare C. brevipedicellata to similar species in terms of diagnostic morphology, as well as near-infrared spectral differences of the leaves, and provide, an identification key for its distinction. Although the new species is common in the permanent plots of the Área de Relevante Interesse Ecológico Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, it has a narrow distribution and is assessed as being endangered following criteria of the IUCN Red List.

Pouteria kossmanniae (Sapotaceae, Chrysophylloideae), a new species from Central Amazonia, is here described. It is known from the Manaus region, Amazonas, Brazil, and is found in non-flooded upland forests, known as terra firme. Illustrations are provided in addition to geographic distribution, with a comparison of the morphological and spectral (near-infrared) differences between P. kossmanniae and its very similar species Pouteria macrophylla, Pouteria manaosensis, and Pouteria rodriguesiana. The species is naturally common in some urban forest fragments, but since only a low number of subpopulations is known, we assign P. kossmanniae the preliminary conservation status of “Endangered”.

This is the first record of Pouteria franciscana Baehni (Chrysophylloideae, Sapotaceae) in Amapá state, Brazil. We provide a brief description as well as a distribution map, illustrations, and a table with useful features to distinguish P. franciscana from its morphologically related Amazonian species. Using geographic data and applying IUCN criteria, we assign the status as Least Concern for P. franciscana.